Alcool Consumption among University Students

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Luís Henrique Oliveira Souza1
Stifanny Brenda Alves dos Santos2
Stenio Fernando Pimentel Duarte3
Flávio Mendes de Souza4

_______________

1 Student of the Pharmacy Course of the Faculdade Independente do Nordeste - Fainor
2 Student of the Pharmacy Course of the Faculdade Independente do Nordeste - Fainor
3 Professor at the Pharmacy Course of the Faculdade Independente do Nordeste - Fainor
4 Professor at the Pharmacy Course of the Faculdade Independente do Nordeste - Fainor

 

Abstract: The consumption of alcoholic beverages brings problems consequently among university students, they are worrisome data, due to the concentrations of alcohol ingested on one occasion, Possibly the students, ends up losing the notion of controlling the use of alcohol, in events like parties, bars, because there are pleasant factors that lead to consumption, as a sensation of euphoria, a sense of happiness and relaxation, and social disinhibition. METHODOLOGY: This study is a systematic review, focusing on the consumption of alcohol among university students of health courses, where research will be identified in a relevant way. Articles from the year 2014 to 2017 were selected. RESULTS: The studies analyzed confirm the existence of alcoholic beverages among students, comparing them with abusive use, whose results have consequences for the individual. In this study on the alcohol intake among college students establishes a result with high index of students who use alcoholic beverages. With regard to the results, the students were considered low alcohol risk in the 18 articles, and also those who did not use alcohol. Observing an average of (69.87) those who use alcoholic beverages, and (28,18) those who do not use alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION: Through information, in relation to low-risk consumption, it is important to emphasize the young people about the alcohol issue, to intervene in a transparent way, to facilitate understanding, demonstrating the importance of preventing the diseases caused by lawful or unlawful drugs.

Keywords: university, alcohol, consumption.

CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL ENTRE UNIVERSITÁRIOS:

UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Resumo: O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas traz problemas consequentemente entre universitários, são dados preocupantes, devidamente pelas concentrações de álcool ingeridas em uma ocasião, Possivelmente, os estudantes, acaba perdendo a noção de controlar o uso do álcool, em eventos como festas, bares, baladas, pois existem fatores agradáveis, que levam o consumo, como sensação de euforia, sensação de felicidade e descontração, e da desinibição social.  METODOLOGIA: O estudo elaborado do artigo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, tendo como foco o consumo de álcool entre universitários dos cursos de saúde, onde as pesquisas serão identificadas de forma relevante. Foram selecionados artigos do ano de 2014 até 2017. RESULTADO: Os estudos analisados confirmam a existência do uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre os estudantes, comparando-o com o uso abusivo, cujos resultados geram consequências ao indivíduo. Neste estudo sobre a ingestão de álcool entre universitários estabelece um resultado com índice alto de estudantes que utiliza bebidas alcoólicas. Com relação aos resultados, foram observados nos 18 artigos, estudantes que fazem o consumo de baixo risco de álcool, analisando também aqueles que não fazem o uso. Observando uma média de (69,87) aos que utiliza bebidas alcoólicas, e (28,18) aos que não fazem o uso de bebidas alcoólicas. CONCLUSÃO: Por meio, das informações, em relação ao consumo de baixo risco, tonar-se evidente salientar os jovens sobre o determinado assunto a respeito do álcool, intervir de forma transparente, para facilitar o entendimento, demonstrando a importância da prevenção dos agravos causados pelas drogas licita ou ilícitas.

Palavras chaves: universitários, álcool, consumo.

Introduction

Alcohol is a legal drug, being a psychoactive substance most commonly used in the world, which brings health hazards in society, hence the exaggerated use of alcohol causes harmful health effects, however the individual hardly cares about consequences that alcohol can result in their own body. (GOMES,2014). The use of psychoactive substances is concerning to public health, where the use of alcohol is linked to cultural patterns, intervening in the way people use alcohol, being overweight in use, you can get to addiction. (GAYA,2015).

Alcohol is a chemical that reduces the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The use of long form can cause changes in several neurotransmissores systems in the brain, including the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, N -methylD-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, dopamine and norepinephrine. (BRAGA DAYSE,2016). Particularly alcohol, has its biphasic effect, presenting a depressant activity, which slows down the functioning of the CNS, taking place slowly and stimulating action, which is the feeling of euphoria. (CARNEIRO,2014).

The alcohol consumption causes problems among college consequently, are data worrying properly by alcohol concentrations ingested on one occasion (SILVA-2015), .Alcohol has euphoric and depressive action, being consumed in an exaggerated way, it can lead to the state of intoxication, occurring damage to health and affecting the quality of life of students who douse.( CARNEIRO, 2014).

Possibly students, ends up losing the concept of controlling the use of alcohol at events such as parties, bars, ballads, as there are pleasant factors that lead consumption, such as feeling of euphoria,feeling of happiness and relaxation, and social disinhibition . In these events, the ease of access to alcohol is inevitable, favoring consumption. Therefore, become frequent the association of alcohol with other illicit drugs.(JÚNIOR, 2015).

To enter higher education, students experience new experiences, new friendships, representing a phasechange.It is one of the stages of this phase change, the use of alcohol, where the student can be influenced to use, and present behavior changes, problems with family, or even social problems (JÚNIOR-2015). It grows increasingly, the student number that make alcohol consumption, ease of access to alcohol is inevitable, so is the most consumed drink by the university, which is the main cause of damage to health. (SILVA, 2015).

For many students, it is difficult to fully overcome the lack of a collective structure or emotional support, can lead to loneliness, sadness, anguish, personal discomfort, academic problems, among others. As these causes, strategic to try or make alcohol consumption, it increases the likelihood of abuse (JJA-Santos, 2014). Generally, the student's first year of graduation is the alcohol common form of consumption,usually before the university did not consume alcohol, probably this happens because some motivations that lead to alcohol abuse. (TUCCI, 2016).

Consequently the use of alcohol brings problems affecting health, among which can cause disorders such as violence, suicide and traffic accidents, infectious diseases, unprotected sex and clinical depression. (PEREZ, 2014). Therefore, to promote the health of students, it is important discussions about alcohol consumption, raising awareness of the issue, preventing the aggravation of problems related to the consumption. (JÚNIOR, 2015).

Porting, this article aims to identify alcohol consumption among college students, through a systematic review. Thus, it becomes important this study because it helps in the understanding between the university and the planning of cautious measures in appropriate health in academia.

Methodology

The study prepared the article, it is a systematic review, focusing on alcohol consumption among college students of health courses, where research will be identified in a relevant way. (RABELO, 2017). The sources consulted were through research in electronic databases Google Scholar, this research base is used to assist in academic research, providing specific tools for the purpose of the researchers find it in the academic literature. (COSTA, 2010).  

Research articles were identified that addressed the criterion study, whose theme the alcohol consumption among college students, emphasizing in this study was defined the Portuguese language, in which the works were written, to carry out the research.

The search for articles occurred in September 2017, covering the queried terms, alcoholism and university health and alcohol and pharmacy university.selected 27 articles from 2014 to 2017. The inclusion criteria used original articles, the last three years of publication, were selected 18 articles. The criteria of exclusion were studies that did not respond to the objective of this review, as, thesis, dissertation, unpublished works, articles published in other languages that was not Portuguese.

Result

The analyzed studies confirm the existence of the use of alcohol among students, comparing it to the abuse, the results which generate consequences to the individual, and were predominantly published in the years 2014 to 2017.

The articles selected were applied this work, constituting a result of alcohol consumption relations between university, the articles were arranged in table 1, total 18 articles, with title description, author, year of publication, objective, consumption and no consumption of alcohol. In the Table 2, brings the demonstration in percentage of articles chosen on the proposed theme for the year 2014 were found 10 items, totaling (55.56%), while in 2015 found 6 items with percentage (33, 33%), and in 2016 two articles were obtained with the percentage (11.11%).

TABLE 1

Discussion

The impacts of alcohol intoxication occur when there is an increase of alcohol concentration rises in the blood stream and central nervous system (CNS), predominantly the excess usage brings sucheffect. Because alcohol isdepressant CNS, changes occur in the neurotransmitter system, causing changes in mood, impairment in motor coordination and postural control, among others. As the alcohol absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. (GONÇALVES, 2014).

When alcohol is consumed, through the metabolism process in the liver, where there is an enzyme to perform the metabolization process, the enzymeand dehydrogenase alcohol(ADH), which will turn the alcohol into acetaldehyde and this is oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase, converting acetate, which will release carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Since oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase in acetic acid, thus facilitating the occurrence of acidosis. Thus reduced the excretion of uric acidthe urine. (REIS, 2014).

Alcohol absorption occurs quickly and effectively throughout the body, its rate of absorption becomes dependent on the amount of alcohol consumed, or if the person is fasting or not. Where the person is fasting is easier to get drunk, when alcohol reaches the stomach, is the process of degradation by gastric juices, accelerating the absorption of alcohol in the body, when lack food to digest, does not occur this process, alcohol arrive faster in the bloodstream, and the person gets drunk faster. (COSTA, 2013).

In this study on alcohol use among college establishes a result with high rate of students who use alcohol. Regarding the results, it was observed in 18 articles, students who make use of lowrisk alcohol, analyzing also those who do not use. Watching an average of (69.87) to those who use alcohol, and (28.18) to those who do not make use of alcoholic beverages.

The AUDIT was used ascollection tool in the articles, and a test that checks for problems related to alcohol consumption, identifying the sort of people who use alcohol and is classified as low risk, high risk and dependency status. It was found through the ranks of the AUDIT, a great rate in the consumption of low risk in college students.

Considering that the consumption of lowrisk alcohol is less harmful to the individual, possibly the use of alcohol often generates dependency, related to the use of excessively and may cause problems to health. However, with a small amount of alcohol, it begins to make euphoric effect, favoring the socialization of the individual. In viewthe alcohol as an exhaust valve to raise its high esteem.

The articles show that the academic higher education, make alcohol consumption in greater quantities than the high school students, due to the displacement of their families, friendships, celebrations, among others. Through these causes can influence the use of alcohol, becoming constant in the life of the university. As reported the classification of the AUDIT, the consumption of low risk can lead to abuse and get to the point of becoming dependent.

These data presented in the result set that easy access to alcohol consumption, has become a routine, in either university, need to make the use of alcohol at an event to stimulate the effect it brings, such as euphoria, feeling good mood, social disinhibition and sense of well-being, among others, making a positive, encouraging its use.

University academics are highly susceptible to alcohol use, studies show that the ease of access to alcohol is a way to have a large percentage of individuals who make use, where there are also situations that lead to use, it has become a major concern in public health. Researchers reveals that this situation is due to various causes, mainly dealing in university students, where they are exposed to various factors such as loneliness, sense of freedom, or to meet any need.

Another aggravating factor is the use of alcohol associated with other drugs, some researchers show that alcohol motivates and encourages the use of certain illicit drugs, such as tobacco, cocaine, marijuana, crack. Thus, data are worrying for public health, where the individual become brittle to this risk.

We emphasize the importance of health promotion in order to prevent alcohol consumption by students, exposing the risks that can happen when you use alcohol, with the emphasis the reasons why alcohol consumption, thus informing young people to have a better quality of life, and a good academic performance.

Conclusion

This study is relevant, given the frequency that students make the alcohol consumption, increasing the percentage of individuals who are vulnerable to alcohol dependence. Therefore, it is worth noting the importance of disclosures about the proposed theme for the building of knowledge, constituting fight the problem related to the use of alcohol.

Noted that young people are vulnerable to the use of licit or illicit drugs, it causes serious health problems, it is an aggravating problem. By means of the information in relation to the consumption of low risk, behold become clear highlight young people about the particular issue regarding alcohol, act transparently, to facilitate understanding, demonstrating the importance of prevention of injuries caused by drugs licit or illicit.

 Refencias

BRAGA Dayse Aparecida de Oliveira. ABORDAGENS FARMACOTERAPÊUTICAS PARA A ADICÇÃO AO ÁLCOOL. Mostra Científica da Farmácia, Centro Universitário Católica de Quixadá, 2016.

CARNEIRO, Ana Luiza Marques The Pattern Of AlcoholL Consumption Among College  Studentes Of Health Areas. R. Enferm. Cent. O. Min. 2014 jan/abr; 4(1):940-950.

COSTA, Helder Gomes. Model for webibliomining: proposal and application, Rev. FAE, Curitiba, v.13, n.1, p.115-126, jan./jun. 2010.

COSTA, Rita Mara Reis.  O álcool e seus efeitos no Sistema Nervoso, Brasília – 2013.

FARIA Jéssyca Reis. The alcohol abuse and the health university students quality of life. Arq. Ciênc. Saúde. 2014/Abr-Jun; 21(2)P.82-88.

GALLASSI, Andrea Donatti; SOUZA, Camila Isabel Cruz. O debate sobre álcool, crack e outras drogas na formação universitária e o papel dos profissionais da rede intersetorial em uma ação de educação em saúde. São João del-Rei, setembro a dezembro 2016.P623-636.

GAYA, Carolina de Meneses. O USO DE DROGA ASSOCIADO AO COMPORTAMENTO DE RISCO UNIVERSITÁRIO. Saúde e Pesquisa, v. 8, Edição Especial, p. 09-17, 2015 - ISSN 2176-9206.

GOMES, Antonio Marcos Tosoli. Alcohol consumption among academics in the health area: implications for professional practice. Rev enferm UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, 2014 jan/fev.

GONÇALVES, Izabella Generoso. CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN THE CONDUCT OF AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES IN BRAZIL: A REVIEW. V.7,n.1,pp.50-58(Jun-Ago2014).

IMAI, Felipe Ikeda. Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and associated factors in a representative sample of undergraduate students from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, 2012: a cross-sectional study. Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde, Brasília, 23(3):435-446, jul-set 2014.

JÚNIOR, Gilmar Antoniassi. Implications of the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in the university student’s life. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde, Fortaleza, 28(1): 67-74, jan./mar., 2015.

LIMA, Letícia Maria Rosa. Use of drugs for university students of courses exclusively night. Rev. Nufen: Phenom. Interd. | Belém, 7(2), 99-136, agosto – dezembro, 2015.

PEREZ, Guillermo Alonso Castaño. Problemas associados ao consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem set.-out. 2014;22(5):739-46.

RABELO, Marcella Oliveira. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY STUDENTS OF HEALTH: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW, RPBeCS. 2017;4(1):01-08.

REIS, Gecivaldo Alves. Alcoolismo e Seu Tratamento, Revista Científica do ITPAC, Araguaína, v.7, n.2,Pub.4,Abril2014.

RODRIGUES, Pedro F. S. Padrões de consumo de álcool em estudantes da Universidade de Aveiro: Relação com comportamentos de risco e stress. Análise Psicológica (2014), P.453-46.

SANTOS, Jefferson Jovelino Amaral dos. Saracini N, Silva WC, Guilherme JH, Costa TA, Silva MRAG.  Lifestyle of university students related to health: comparison between freshmen and seniors. ABCS Health Sci. 2014; 39(1):17-23.

SILVA BP, CORRADI-WEBSTER CM, GHERARDI-DONATO ECS, HAYASHIDA M, SIQUEIRA MM. Transtornos mentais comuns e consumo de bebida alcoólica e Tabaco entre estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública na Amazônia ocidental brasileira. SMAD, Rev. Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool Drog. maio-ago. 2014;10(2):93-100.

SILVA, Érika Correia. Padrão de Consumo de Álcool em Estudantes Universitários (Calouros) e Diferença entre os Gêneros. Temas em Psicologia – 2016, Vol. 24, nº 1, 313-323.

SILVA, Jéssica Nascimento. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS, RBPeCS. 2015;2(2): 35-40.

TUCCI, Adriana Marcassa. Cross-sectional study on the risk of alcohol use in a sample of students in a brazilian federal university. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2014;63(4):317-25.

VALE, Jessica de Sousa. PROFILE OF CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND MARIJUANA BETWEEN NURSING STUDENTS OF FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO E MEIO AMBIENTE – FAEMA. Revista Científica da Faculdade de Educação e Meio Ambiente 5(2): 156-172, jul-dez, 2014.

VALÉRIO, Tainara Barros. CONSUMO DE BEBIDAS ALCOÓLICAS NA ADIPOSIDADE CORPORAL EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIO. Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento, São Paulo. v.10. n.60. p.263-270. Nov./Dez. 2016. ISSN 19819919.

WERNER, Meiri Eveline Carvalho. CONSUMO ALCOÓLICO ENTRE UNIVERSITÁRIOS.  VAMOS DISCUTIR ESSA IDEIA?  .Revista Eletrônica da UNIVAR 2015  N°.:13 Vol.1 Págs. 42 - 48.

_______________

Revista SAÚDE COLETIVA: Coletânea. N4, p.52-65  . 2017. ISSN: 1982-1441.